_**For women:**_
_For osteopeorosis, a Polish study of bone densities was conducted on a small scale:[2] "Thirty-six wheelchair-bound subjects and 19 age-matched controls…. bone mineral density values were significantly lower in comparison with controls". Interestingly, some studies have correlated bone density and oxidative stress. [3]_
_****_
_**Heart disease and osteoporosis** are on the list of this study in the Journal Maturitas, which focused on women aging with a disability. The paper does not speak explicitly about wheelchair bound patients, but such certainly would constitute a significant portion of the "disabled" group in asuch a study. However, the evidence of this medical literature review is "limited"; which, in many ways is a good thing, don't you think. The researchers might be unhappy that they did not exactly find a "smoking gun", but we are OK with that.._
_Some good news for women in a wheelchair past menopause: taking statins to lower their cholesterol: It might help against osteoporosis…[4]._
**_For men and women_**:
_Well, there are other problems with paraplegia, the lower body does not exercise very much, if at all. As a result **overweight,** or even obesity can be an issue [5] for women with disabilities.(56.7% to 83.8% depending on the ethnic background). With overweight, of course, came **high blood pressure and diabetes.**_
_**We also found an excellent book from**_ Pauline M. Pope. Below is her list of the various issues that can (emphasizing the "can") affect people in wheelchair overtime. Note that emphasis is what she calls the possible secondary effects of being disabled.
"Tissue damage
Tears
Fractures
Pressure ulcers
Osteoporosis
Infections
Respiratory infections
Urinary tract infection
Constipation
Pain and discomfort
( or formation of bone in abnormal areas [6]) "
_This book is truly unique in that it addresses what can be done about what mainstream medicine often ignores: the effect of posture and tissue stress. We are recommending this book see the top right of this post. The book can be purchased through our Amazon widget on the top right of this page._
_We have posted previously on issues of UTI [7,8] and severe constipation [9,10]_
**_Talk to your Doctor…._**
[1] [**Maturitas** Volume 68, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 65-72][1]
[2] [**Journal of Clinical Densitometry**][2]; [Volume 9, Issue 1][3], January-March 2006, Pages 78-83
[3] [**Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications** Volume 288, Issue 1, 19 October 2001, Pages 275-279][4]
[4] [**European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology**; Volume 120, Issue 1][5], 1 May 2005, Pages 63-68
[5] [**Disability and Health Journal**][6]; v[olume 1, Issue 2][7], April 2008, Pages 89-98
[6] [Spinal Cord Injury Information Network][8]
[7][Cranberries and Urinary Tract Infections][9]
[8] [Vitamin D and UTIs][10]
[9] [Prunes beat Psyllium for Constipation Relief Relief][11]
[10] [Review of Laxative Therapies][12]
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[1]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512210003828
[2]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10946950
[3]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2333055%232006%23999909998%23623908%23FLA%23&_cdi=33055&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10508515&md5=88b8e51491c83d939420daffb6ebdf33
[4]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X0195747X
[5]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301211504004701
[6]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/19366574
[7]: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2343559%232008%23999989997%23684153%23FLA%23&_cdi=43559&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10508515&md5=31943b10a94c34f3f91cd2c6ec0ac340
[8]: http://www.spinalcord.uab.edu/show.asp?durki=21485
[9]: http://www.wheelchairhealth.net/?p=960
[10]: http://www.wheelchairhealth.net/?p=632
[11]: http://www.wheelchairhealth.net/?p=768
[12]: http://www.wheelchairhealth.net/?p=763
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